Chapter 13: The Law of Pledges in Pentecost

The law regulates pledges in Deut. 24:6, 10-13, and verse 17. It was forbidden to take a person’s millstone as a pledge on a debt, because it was considered a necessity by which a family could eat their daily bread. Likewise, a creditor was not allowed to enter and search the debtor’s house and take the pledge. He was required to remain outside, allowing the debtor to bring it to him personally.

Deuteronomy 24 does not use the Hebrew word arrabon when speaking of pledges. Instead, Moses uses the word chabal, “to wind tightly, to bind as in a pledge.” It is not that he was unfamiliar with arrabon; after all, he used the word arrabon in Genesis 38 in the story of Judah and Tamar. There was more than one word that meant “pledge,” and so both chabal and arrabon carry the same meaning, though chabal is less specific.

Paul uses the more specific word, arrabon, in 2 Cor. 5:5.

For our purpose the most important thing is that the law forbids a creditor from taking “a widow’s garment in pledge” (Deut. 24:17). This shows that garments could be used as pledges.

God’s Self-Imposed Debt to the World

When Adam and Eve sinned, God took their heavenly garments as a pledge on their debt, and so they discovered that they were naked (Gen. 3:7). All sin is reckoned as a debt, and so Adam and Eve became debtors when they sinned. Their heavenly garments were thus taken as pledges on their debt, and God gave them earthly “garments of skin” (Gen. 3:21) until their pledges were returned to them.

As long as Adam was a debtor to the law on account of his sin, he and his descendants were clothed with earthly garments, being deprived of their heavenly garments. Their heavenly garments were their pledges to pay the debt that they owed.

This debt, however, could not be paid, for when a man does good, the best he can do is break even. At best, doing good only prevents him from sliding further into debt. So he can never pay off the debt from a previous sin. Hence, Adam found himself in need of a Savior, who might have mercy on him and pay off his debt.

That is why Jesus came to die on the cross. He came to pay the debt that Adam could not pay, thereby releasing the heavenly garment that had been taken as a pledge. The moment Jesus died on the cross, paying the penalty for Adam’s sin, the debt was paid, and God was obligated to return the heavenly garment to Adam—and, indeed, to the whole world, whose debt had been paid (1 John 2:2).

The problem is that God did not give back anyone’s heavenly garment! He intends to give it back only as men and women reach spiritual maturity, each in their own order. It is an event scheduled for the feast of Tabernacles, but to get there, one must first experience Passover and Pentecost.

Regardless of our opinion concerning the wisdom of God’s plan, one thing is sure: the moment Jesus paid the debt for the sin of the world, the creditor-debtor relationship was reversed. No longer was Adam the debtor and God the creditor. Because God has not returned Adam’s pledge, God Himself became the debtor to Adam and to the whole world!

For this reason, He has given us the Spirit as a pledge on His debt that He owes us (2 Cor. 5:5). The fact that the Spirit has been given to us “as a pledge” shows that God is our debtor! We are God’s creditors! If it were not so, then God would not need to give us a pledge, for only debtors give pledges.

Review

Paul says in 2 Corinthians 5:1,

¹ For we know that if the earthly tent which is our house is torn down, we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, aionian [“hidden”] in the heavens.

Instead of returning our heavenly “tent,” “house,” or “building,” (later called “clothing”), He has chosen to hide it in His house, refusing to give it back to us after the debt of the world was paid on the cross. The law then makes God the debtor, and every man is God’s creditor.

Instead of returning Adam’s pledge (heavenly garment), God retained it in heaven until the appointed time that He had determined was appropriate—the feast of Tabernacles. God’s intention was good, but it did not absolve God of His debt to the world. God understood this, of course, for He Himself had devised this incredible plan from the beginning. Imagine the enormity of the idea that man could become God’s creditor!

God recognized that He had become man’s debtor, for 2 Cor. 5:5 says,

⁵ Now He who prepared us for this very purpose is God, who gave to us the Spirit as a pledge.

The Holy Spirit was given on the day of Pentecost in Acts 2:4, not only to guide us into all truth (John 16:13), but also as a pledge on His debt. God’s debt, or obligation, is not only an arrabon, but a chabad, which binds Him by an oath to give the heavenly garments back to the whole world. The Holy Spirit is the surety on that debt, pledging the salvation of all men (1 Tim. 4:10).

Getting Dressed through Pentecost

When we understand this great truth, we can see how the Holy Spirit was sent to fulfill God’s “promise.” In Luke 24:49 Jesus says,

⁴⁹ And behold, I am sending forth the promise of My Father upon you; but you are to stay in the city until you are clothed with power from on high.

The New Covenant is based upon the promises of God, as distinct from the promises of men. Jesus was sent to earth to fulfill God’s promise (or vow, oath) to Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and to all mankind (Deut. 29:12-15). That promise was not merely to give all men the opportunity to be saved, but to actually save all mankind and to be their God. God obligated Himself to do this by swearing many oaths to make it happen by the counsel of His own will.

Likewise, Jesus said in John 14:16 that the Holy Spirit was “another Helper” (or “Comforter”) sent to fulfill the promise of God. The Holy Spirit’s main responsibility is to begin changing men’s hearts by the slow process of experience (leading of the Spirit). This responsibility is based on the law of altars in Exodus 20:25,

²⁵ And if you make an altar of stone for me, you shall not build it of cut stones, for if you wield your tool on it, you will profane it.

In other words, if you try to change your “altar” (heart) by shaping it with man-made tools and psychology, you will only pollute it. Only the Holy Spirit can change the heart. Our focus should be on following the leading of the Spirit, not on shaping our own heart- altars.

The Holy Spirit, then, is already working to fulfill the promises of God. Whenever someone finds that his or her heart has changed over time, he or she should view this as evidence of the Holy Spirit fulfilling the New Covenant promise of God. This slow process has already begun under Pentecost. Pentecost cannot complete the work, but it started that work. Pentecost was designed to bring us to the feast of Tabernacles, where the work must be completed.

So Jesus told His disciples before His ascension that they were to tarry in Jerusalem until they were “clothed with power from on high.” Here we see that the purpose of the Holy Spirit was to provide CLOTHING. What clothing? Was this not the heavenly garment from “on high”? But if we had received the entire outfit the moment we received the Holy Spirit, then how could it be a pledge on a debt that yet had to be paid?

The fact is, only Tabernacles can give us the full outfit, at which time God is no longer our debtor. But even now, under Pentecost, we have been clothed with power from on high. This is best thought of, not as a single experience but as a beginning point for the Holy Spirit building an acceptable altar in the heart.

Just as God gave Adam and Eve garments of skin after taking their heavenly garments as a pledge, so also the Holy Spirit has been given to us on account of the work of the Last Adam. Pentecost serves to clothe us, but we must understand that this is only a beginning point. Think of it as a lengthy time of getting dressed. We put on one piece of clothing at a time, but we are not fully clothed until the appointed time at the feast of Tabernacles.

In other words, on one level, God began to give us back our heavenly garments at Pentecost, but because the Holy Spirit requires time to change our hearts, God still did not really give us the fulness of what He owed us. There is, therefore, both a process of Pentecost and a final fulfillment of the law of pledges at the feast of Tabernacles.

The Resolution of God’s Debt

Paul says that meanwhile “we groan, being burdened” (2 Cor. 5:4) while we are yet under Pentecost. We are burdened by the mortal body, the skins of flesh. Our situation has no immediate solution, for we are still torn between two desires. Paul says “we do not want to be unclothed, but to be clothed.” We were given skins of flesh, and we are unable to discard those skins until the appointed time.

So Paul says that we do not want to be unclothed (naked). At the same time, our desire is to be clothed with the heavenly garment, so that we may come into immortality.

We conclude, then, that even now we are already beginning to put on the heavenly garment through the feast of Pentecost, but this is a process that will not be completed until the fulfillment of Tabernacles. Only at the fulfillment of Tabernacles will God be absolved of the debt-obligation that He has owed us since Jesus paid our debt by His blood.

God’s law must be fulfilled. Having revealed His law of pledges, God is under the law until the last man on earth receives his heavenly garment and God is “all in all” (1 Cor. 15:28). Only then will God be released from His debt obligation to save His creation.